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Dramatis Personae THE GOD OF HELP, who speaks the Prologue in the Second Act. DEMIPHO, a merchant of . ALCESIMARCHUS, a young man of . LAMPADISCUS, servant of Demipho. PHANOSTRATA, wife of Demipho. SILENIUM, their daughter, beloved by Alcesimarchus. MELAENIS, a Procuress. HALISCA, her servant. A PROCURESS, the mother of Gymnasium. GYMNASIUM, a Courtesan.
scene
(Scene.-Sicyon, in Peloponnesus. Before the houses of DEMIPHO, SILENIUM, and the father of ALCESIMARCHUS.)
subject
THE SUBJECT. DEMIPHO, a merchant of Lemnos, having ravished Phanostrata, a young woman of Sicyon, she is brought to bed of a female child. This she gives to her servant Lampadiscus, to be exposed. On this being done, in the sight of Lampadiscus, a Procuress picks up the infant, and afterwards makes a present of it to her friend Melaenis, by whom it is brought up, under the name of Silenium. Alcesimarchus, a young man of Sicyon, falls violently in love with her, and takes her under his protection. In the meantime, Demipho, who has married another wife, after her death marries Phanostrata, and comes to live at Sicyon. He and his wife are then anxious, if possible, to regain their lost child. The daughter of Demipho by his first wife is destined by her father to become the wife of Alcesimarchus; on hearing which, Melaenis removes her foster-child from his protection. At this conjuncture Lampadiscus finds out the Procuress that had taken up the infant when exposed, and from her discovers that the child of his mistress is with Melaenis. He informs his mistress of this, while Melaenis is, unknown to them, standing by; upon which she determines to confess the truth, and to restore Silenium to her parents. While she is thinking upon this plan, Alcesimarchus lays hands on Silenium, and carries her off to his father’s house. In the confusion attendant on this, Halisca, the servant of Melaenis, drops a casket in the street, containing some trinkets which had been worn by Silenium at the time when she was exposed. Phanostrata and Lampadiscus find the casket, and on Halisca coming to search for it, they discover where Silenium is. They go into the house, and Phanostrata discovers her long-lost child.
argument
THE ACROSTIC ARGUMENT. [Supposed to have been written by Priscian the Grammarian.] A young man of Lemnos ravishes (Comprimit) a woman of Sicyon. He (Is) returns to his country, and becomes father of a daughter by his marriage there. The woman of Sicyon (Sicyonia) also bears a daughter. A servant takes (Tollit) and exposes her, and keeps watch in secret; her (Eam), taken up, a Courtesan presents to another. Coming back afterwards from Lemnos (Lemno), he marries her whom he had ravished; and his daughter born at Lemnos (Lemni) he promises in marriage to a young man captivated by passion (A more) for the one that had been exposed. On making enquiry (Requirens), the servant finds her whom he had exposed; and so (Itaque) legaliy and properly does Alcesimarchus (Alcesimarchus) gain her recognized as a free woman, whom before he had had as a concubine.
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SILENIUM
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Inasmuch as hitherto I have loved you, and have deemed you to be my friend, my dear Gymnasium, and your mother as well; so have you shown it to me this day, both you and she. If you had been my own sister, how more you two could possibly have held me in esteem
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I know not; but, according as is my way of thinking, I conceive it could not possibly be, such ready assistance, all other things laid aside, have you given me. For this reason do I love you, and for it a vast obligation have you both conferred upon me.
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GYMNASIUM
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I’ faith, at such a price as this, indeed, it’s easy for us to give you our attendance and to do you good offices;
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so handsomely and so elegantly have you entertained us at breakfast at your house, as we shall ever remember.
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SILENIUM
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It has been done with hearty good will by me, and will be done, to get those things which I shall think you are desirous of.
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A PROCURESS
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As the man said, who was borne by a prospering breeze on a calm sea:
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I rejoice that we came That we came: Ventum. There is probably a poor pun intended on the other meaning of this word, as the accusative case of ventus, wind. to you; in such a delightful manner have we been here this day received; nor except in the management, was there anything there at your house but what pleased me.
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SILENIUM
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How so, prithee?
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A PROCURESS
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Too seldom did the servant give me something to drink, and, as it was, it clouded the colour of the wine.
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GYMNASIUM
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Pray, is that becoming to be mentioned here?
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A PROCURESS
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It’s both right and proper; there’s no other person here.
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SILENIUM
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With reason do I love you both, who esteem and honor me.
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A PROCURESS
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I’ faith, my dear Silenium, it befits this class to be kindly disposed among themselves, and carefully to keep up friendships,
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when you see these matrons of elevated rank, born of the noblest families, how they value friendship, and how carefully they keep it united between themselves. If we do that same thing, if we imitate the same example, still as it is, with difficulty do we exist with their extreme dislike. Of their own enjoyments they would have us to be in want,
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in resources of our own they would have us not to possess any power, and to stand in need of them in all matters, that we may be their humble servantsMay be their humble servants: Ut simus sibi supplices. Literally, that we may be suppliants to themselves.. If you wait upon them, you’d rather be giving your room than your company. So very kind are they before the world to our class; in private, if ever there’s the opportunity,
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underhandedly they pour cold water Pour cold water: Meaning, in other words, They try to do us all the mischief they can. upon us. They declare that we are in the habit of having commerce with their husbands; they say that we are their supplanters; they attempt to crush us. Because we are the free daughters of slaves Free daughters of slaves: The professae, or courtesans, at Rome, were mostly of the class of libertinae—children of slaves who had been made free, or else freed-women themselves, who had been the mistresses of their former owners. From this circumstance, to lead a libertine life came to mean the same as to pass a loose or unchaste life., both I and your mother, we became Courtesans; she brought up yourself, and I this girl (pointing to GYMNASIUM),
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by chance-fathers. Nor yet for the sake of vanity have I driven her to the calling of a Courtesan, but that I mightn’t starve.
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SILENIUM
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But it had been better to give her in marriage to a husband in preference.
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A PROCURESS
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Heyday, now! Surely, faith, she’s married to a husband every day; she has both been married to one to-day, she’ll be marrying again to-night. I’ve never allowed her to go to bed a widow.
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For if she weren’t to be marrying, the household would perish with doleful famine.
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GYMNASIUM
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It behoves me, mother, to be just as you wish I should be.
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A PROCURESS
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I’ troth, I don’t regret it, if you will prove such as you say you’ll be; for if, indeed, you shall be such as I intend, you’ll never be a Hecale A Hecale: Hecala seems a preferable reading here to Hecata. Hecale was a very poor old woman, whom Plutarch mentions as having entertained Theseus on one of his expeditions. As poor as Hecale, became a proverb. Her poverty is mentioned by Ovid, in the Remedy of Love, in conjunction with that of the beggar Irus. in your old age, and you’ll ever keep that same tender age which you now have,
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and you’ll prove a loss to many and a profit to myself full oft, without any outlay of my own.
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GYMNASIUM
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May the Gods grant it.
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A PROCURESS
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Without your own energiesWithout your own energies: This is very similar to our provert, that Providence helps those who help themselves., the Gods cannot possibly do anything in this.
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GYMNASIUM
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I’ faith, for my own part, I’ll zealously devote my energies to it. But what mean you amid this conversation, apple of my eye, my own Silenium? (never did I see you more sad); prithee, do tell me, why does mirth so shun you?
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And you are not so neat as you usually are. (SILENIUM sighs.) Do look at that, please, how deep a sigh she heaved. You are pale too. Tell us both what’s the matter with you, and in what you want our aid; so that we may know. Prithee, don’t by your tears be causing me anxiety.
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SILENIUM
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My dear Gymnasium, I’m sadly affected; I feel ill, I am shockingly distrest;
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I am pained in spirits, I feel pain in my eyes, I am in pain from faintness. What shall I say, but that my own folly drives me to sadness?
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GYMNASIUM
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Take you care, then, that you have your folly entombed in that very same place from which it takes its rise.
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SILENIUM
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What shall I do?
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GYMNASIUM
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Hide it in darkness, in the very deepest recesses of your breast. Take you care and have it so, that you yourself are alone sensible of your own folly, without any other witnesses.
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SILENIUM
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But I’ve got the heart-ache.
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GYMNASIUM
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Why so? For what reason have you the heartache, prithee, tell me, a thing that I neither have, nor any other woman whatever, according as the men say?
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SILENIUM
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If there’s any heart to feel pain, it does feel pain; but if there isn’t, still this pains me here.
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A PROCURESS
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This woman’s in love.
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GYMNASIUM
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Come now, to begin to be in love, is it bitter, prithee?
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A PROCURESS
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Why, troth, love is most fruitful both in honey and in gall;
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inasmuch as it produces sweetness in a mere taste, but causes bitterness even to repletion.
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SILENIUM
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Of that character is the malady that afflicts me, my dear Gymnasium.
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GYMNASIUM
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Love is full of treachery.
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SILENIUM
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He’s taking his spoils of me, then.
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GYMNASIUM
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Be of good courage, you’ll get the better of this malady.
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SILENIUM
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I trust it will be so, if the physician comes that can administer the medicine to this malady.
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GYMNASIUM
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He will come.
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SILENIUM
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A hard expression is that to one in love, He will come, unless he does come. But by my own fault and foolishness, am I, wretched creature, more afflicted, because for him alone have I longed for myself, with whom to pass my life.
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A PROCURESS
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That is more suitable to a married woman, my dear Silenium, to love but one, and with him to pass her life, to whom she has once been married;
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but, indeed, a Courtesan is most like a flourishing city; she cannot alone increase her fortunes without a multitude of men.
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SILENIUM
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I want you to give heed to this matter; the thing on account of which you have been sent for to me, I’ll disclose. Now, my mother, because I don’t wish myself to be called a Courtesan, complied with my desire; in that matter she indulged myself who have been obedient to her;
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to allow me to live with him alone whom I so ardently loved.
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A PROCURESS
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I’ faith, she acted foolishly. But look, have you ever kept company with any man?
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SILENIUM
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With no one, indeed, except Alcesimarchus; nor has any other person whatever committed an infringement on my chastity.
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A PROCURESS
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Prithee, by what means did this man gain your good graces?
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SILENIUM
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At the festival of Bacchus
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my mother took me to see the procession. While I was returning home, from a secret look-out he secretly traced me even to the door; after that, he insinuated himself into the friendship of my mother and myself as well, by endearments, presents, and gifts.
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A PROCURESS
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I should like a man of that sort to be offered me. How I’d work him.
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SILENIUM
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What need is there of words? Through intercourse, I on the other hand began to love him, and he myself.
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A PROCURESS
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O my dear Silenium—!
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SILENIUM
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What’s the matter?
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A PROCURESS
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You ought to pretend to be in love; for if you fall in love at once, you’ll be much better consulting the interests of him whom you love than your own.
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SILENIUM
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But in solemn form he took an oath before my mother that he would take me as his wife. Now, another woman is about to be taken home by him,
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a Lemnian lady, his relation, who is living here hard by (pointing to DEMIPHO’S house); for his father has compelled him. Now my mother is enraged with me, because I didn’t return home to her, when I came to know of this matter, that he was about to take another as his wife.
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A PROCURESS
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Nothing’s unfair in love.
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SILENIUM
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Now, I entreat you that you’ll let her (pointing to GYMNASIUM) be here only for the next three days,
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and keep house for me; for I’ve been sent for to my mother’s house.
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A PROCURESS
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Although this will be a troublesome three days for me, and you’ll be causing me a loss, I’ll do so.
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SILENIUM
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You act kindly and like a friend. But you, my dear Gymnasium, if in my absence Alcesimarchus shall come, don’t you chide him roughly; however he has deserved of myself, still he has my affections;
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but, prithee, act gently, so that you mayn’t say anything that may cause him pain. Take the keys (giving them to her); if you have need to take out anything for use, take it out. I wish to go—
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GYMNASIUM
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(weeping.) How you have drawn tears from me.
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SILENIUM
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My dear Gymnasium, kindly, farewell.
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GYMNASIUM
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Take care of yourself, there’s a dear. Prithee, will you go in this dishabille?
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SILENIUM
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It’s right that such neglect should attend upon my prospects thus disarranged.
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GYMNASIUM
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At least do lift up that outer garment Outer garment: Amiculum was a general name for the outer garment, such as the pallium, toga, or chlamys, in contradistinction to the tunica, or under-clothing..
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SILENIUM
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Let it be dragged, while I myself am being dragged down.
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GYMNASIUM
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Since so it pleases you, fare you well and prosper.
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SILENIUM
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If I could, I would.
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GYMNASIUM
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Mother, do you wish anything of me, before I go indoors? Upon my faith, to me she does seem to be in love.
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A PROCURESS
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For this reason, then, it is, that I’m repeatedly dinning it into your ears, not to be in love with any man. Go in-doors.
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GYMNASIUM
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Do you wish anything of me?
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A PROCURESS
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That you may fare well.
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GYMNASIUM
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Fare you well.
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A PROCURESS
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(to the AUDIENCE.) It’s the same fault with myself as with a great part of us women who are following this calling; who, as soon as ever we have got our load of food, are forthwith full of talk; more than is enough do we say.
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Why, myself now, inasmuch as I’m filled to my heart’s content, and because I’ve charged myself quite full of the choicest of wine, it pleases me to use my tongue more at freedom; to my misfortune I can’t keep silent on that which it were necessary to be silent upon.
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But once upon a time, that girl, who has gone hence in tears, from a lane I carried off a little child exposed.
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There is here a certain youth, of the highest rank;
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his father, of a very high family, is living at Sicyon Living at Sicyon : This was a very ancient city in the north of the Peloponnesus, not far from Corinth. According to Pliny the Elder, it was famous for its shops, stored with all kinds of metals.;
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he is dying desperately in love for this young woman, who has just. now gone hence in tears; on the other hand, she is smitten with love.
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I made a present of her to my friend, this Courtesan: who had often made mention of it to me
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that somewhere I must find for her a boy or a girl, just born, that she herself might pass it off as her own. As soon as ever the opportunity befell me, I immediately granted her request in that which she had asked of me.
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After she had received this female child from me, at once
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she was brought to bed of the same female child which she had received from me, without the aid of a midwife and without pain, just as other women bring forth, who seek a trouble to themselves; but she said that her lover was a foreigner, and that by reason of that circumstance she was palming it off.
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This, we two alone are aware of, I who gave the child to her, and she who received it from me; (to the AUDIENCE) except yourselves, indeed. Thus was this affair managed; if any occasion should arise, I wish you to remember this circumstance. I’m off home.
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THE GOD OF HELP
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(To the AUDIENCE.) This old woman is both a much-talker and a much-tippler.
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Isn’t it the fact that she has hardly left room to a Divinity for him to speak, so much has she forestalled him in talking about the substitution of this girl? But if she had held her tongue, still I was about to mention it—a God, who could do it better; for my name is Help. Now (to the AUDIENCE) lend your attention,
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that I may clearly explain this plot to you. Some time since, at Sicyon, there was the Festival of Bacchus; a merchant of Lemnos Merchant of Lemnos: Demipho. came hither to the games, and he, an ungovernable young man, ravished a maiden A maiden: Phanostrata. in the dark, in the street, at the dead of night.
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He, as he knew that he was deserving of a heavy punishment, at once found shelter with his heels, and made off for Lemnos, where he then lived. She whom he had ravished, the ninth ensuing month completed, brought forth a daughter here A daughter here: Silenium.. Since she did not know the person guilty of this deed, who he was,