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Original / primary: Perseus Eng2
25.1.p1606
25.1.p1606
TIBERIUS GRACCHUS destroyed three hundred cities of the Celtiberes.
25.1.p1606
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25.1.p1606
. . .
25.2.p1607
25.2.p1607
The attack upon him being sudden and
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25.2.p1607
formidable, Pharnaces was reduced to submit to almost any terms; and on his sending an embassy, Eumenes and Ariarathes immediately accepted his proposals, and sent ambassadors to Pharnaces in return. When this had been repeated several times, the pacification was concluded on the following terms:
25.2.p1607
Eumenes, Prusias, and Ariarathes, shall maintain perpetual peace with Pharnaces and Mithridates.
25.2.p1608
25.2.p1608
Pharnaces shall not enter Galatia on any pretence.
25.2.p1609
25.2.p1609
Such treaties as exist between Pharnaces and Gauls are hereby rescinded.
25.2.p1610
25.2.p1610
Pharnaces shall likewise evacuate Paphlagonia, after restoring the inhabitants whom he had previously expelled, with their shields, javelins, and other equipment.
25.2.p1611
25.2.p1611
Pharnaces shall restore to Ariarathes all territory of which he has deprived him, with the property thereon and the hostages.
25.2.p1612
25.2.p1612
He shall restore Tium by the Pontus, which some timeSee bk. 5. ch. 77. before was given freely and liberally by Eumenes to Prusias.
25.2.p1613
25.2.p1613
Pharnaces shall restore, without ransom, all prisoners of war and all deserters.
25.2.p1614
25.2.p1614
He shall repay to Morzius and Ariarathes, in lieu of all money and treasure taken from them, the sum of nine hundred talents, and shall add thereto three hundred talents for Eumenes towards the expenses of the war.
25.2.p1615
25.2.p1615
Mithridates, the Satrap of Armenia, shall also pay three hundred talents, because he attacked Ariarathes in defiance of the treaty with Eumenes.
25.2.p1616
25.2.p1616
The persons included under this treaty are, of the princes in Asia, Artaxias, lord of the greater part of Armenia, and Acusilochus: of those in Europe, Gatalus the Sarmatian: of the autonomous peoples, the Heracleotes, the Mesembrians in the Chersonese, and the Cyzicenes.
25.2.p1617
25.2.p1617
The number and quality of hostages to be given by Pharnaces was also specified. The armies of the several parties then marched away, and thus was concluded the war of Eumenes and Ariarathes against Pharnaces.
25.3.p1618
25.3.p1618
Having renewed the alliance with Rome, Perseus immediately began intriguing in Greece. He
25.3.p1618
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25.3.p1618
invited back into Macedonia absconding debtors, condemned exiles, and those who had been compelled to leave their country on charges of treason. He caused notices to be put up to that effect at Delos, Delphi, and the temple of Athena at Iton,
25.3.p1618
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25.3.p1618
offering not only indemnity
25.3.p1618
to all who returned, but also the restoration of the property lost by their exile. Such also as still remained in Macedonia he released from their debts to the Royal exchequer, and set free those who had been confined in fortresses upon charges of treason. By these measures he raised expectations in the minds of many, and was considered to be holding out great hopes to all the Greeks. Nor were other parts of his life and habits wanting in a certain royal magnificence. His outward appearance was striking, and he was well endowed with all the physical advantages requisite for a statesman. His look and mien were alike dignified and such as became his age. He had moreover avoided his father’s weakness for wine and women, and not only drank moderately at dinner himself, but was imitated in this respect by his intimates and friends. Such was the commencement of the reign of Perseus. . . .
25.3.p1619
25.3.p1619
When king Philip had become powerful and had obtained
25.3.p1619
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25.3.p1619
supremacy over the Greeks, he showed the most utter disregard of faith and principle; but when the breeze of fortune again set against him, his moderation was as conspicuous in its turn. But after his final and complete defeat, he tried by every possible expedient to consolidate the strength of his kingdom.
25.4.p1620
25.4.p1620
After despatching the consuls Tiberius and Claudius
25.4.p1620
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25.4.p1620
against the Istri and Agrii,
25.4.p1620
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25.4.p1620
the Senate towards the end of summer transacted business with the ambassadors that had come from the Lycians. They had not arrived at Rome until the Lycians had been completely conquered, but they had been despatched a considerable time before. For the people of Xanthus in Lycia, when about to embark upon the war, had sent Nicostratus and others to Achaia and Rome as ambassadors: who coming to Rome at that time moved many of the Senators to pity them, by laying before them the oppressiveness of the Rhodians and their own danger; and at length induced the
25.4.p1620
Senate to send envoys to Rhodes to declare that
25.4.p1620
On inspecting the record of the arrangements made by the ten commissioners in Asia, when settling the dominions of Antiochus, it appeared that the Lycians had been given to the Rhodians, not as a gift, but rather as friends and allies.
25.4.p1620
But many were still dissatisfied with this solution of the matter. For the Romans seemed to wish, by thus pitting Rhodes against Lycia, to exhaust the accumulations and treasures of the Rhodians, because they had heard of the recent conveyance of the bride of Perseus by the Rhodians, and of their grand naval review. For shortly before this the Rhodians had been holding, with great splendour and elaboration of equipment, a review of all vessels belonging to them; the fact being that a vast quantity of timber for ship-building had been presented to them by Perseus.
25.4.p1620
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25.4.p1620
Moreover he had presented a gold tiara to each of the rowers on the upper bench in the ship that had brought him his bride Laodice.
25.4.p1620
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. . .
25.5.p1621
25.5.p1621
When the envoys from Rome reached Rhodes and
25.5.p1621
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25.5.p1621
announced the decrees of the Senate, there was a great excitement in the island, and much confused discussion among the leading politicians. They were much annoyed at the allegation that the Lycians had not been given them as a gift but as allies; for having just satisfied themselves that the Lycian war was successfully concluded, they saw the commencement of fresh trouble for themselves growing up. For no sooner had the Romans arrived and made this announcement to the Rhodians, than the Lycians began a fresh revolt, and showed a determination of fighting to the last extremity for autonomy and freedom. However, after hearing the Roman envoys, the Rhodians made up their minds that the Romans had been deceived by the Lycians, and forthwith appointed Lycophron to lead an embassy to offer an explanation to the Senate. And the state of affairs was such that there was momentary expectation of a fresh rising of the Lycians. . . .
25.6.p1622
25.6.p1622
When the Rhodian envoys arrived in Rome the Senate,
25.6.p1622
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25.6.p1622
after listening to their address, deferred its answer. Meanwhile the Dardanian envoys came with reports as to the number of the Bastarnae, the size of their men, and their courage in the field.
25.6.p1622
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They gave information also of the treacherous practices of Perseus and the Gauls, and said that they were more afraid of him than of the Bastarnae, and therefore begged the help of the Romans. The report of the Dardani being supported by that of the Thessalian envoys who arrived at that time, and who also begged for help, the Senators determined to send some commissioners to see with their own eyes the truth of these reports; and they accordingly at once appointed and despatched Aulus Postumius, accompanied by some young men. . .